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A runny nose and runny eyes together with sneezing, wheezing and coughing are some of the most common symptoms seen with feline upper respiratory infections. Upper respiratory infections are commonly seen in cats. They are particularly common in kittens and young cats, although cats of any age are susceptible.
Feline Calicivirus and Feline Herpesvirus (Feline Rhinotrachieitis): Most Frequent Causes of Upper Respiratory Infection in Cats
There are many different viruses and bacteria that can contribute to causing upper respiratory infections in cats. However, two viruses, the feline calicivirus and the feline herpesvirus (also known as the feline rhinotracheitis virus), are the most frequent causes. These two viruses account for the majority of feline upper respiratory infections.
Cats that housed in housed in crowded conditions with poor or inadequate ventilation are particularly prone to developing these infections. This puts cats in many shelters and rescue situations at high risk. In addition, respiratory irritants such as cigarette smoke can also lend a role in the development of respiratory problems.
Vaccination Against Feline Upper Respiratory Infection
Vaccinations against both the feline calicivirus and the feline herpesvirus (feline rhinotracheitis) are available. These vaccines are considered core vaccines, meaning that vaccination is recommended for all cats. This recommendation is due to the fact that these viruses are ubiquitous and infection is wide-spread and common. Essentially, any unprotected cat is at risk.
The vaccination protocol will vary depending on the type of product used to vaccinate and the living situation and risk of exposure for the individual cat. Typically, kittens can be vaccinated as early 6-8 weeks of age. Your veterinarian will be able to provide an acceptable vaccination schedule for your cat. For kittens, a follow-up vaccine is generally recommended 3-4 following the initial vaccine, depending on the age of the kitten when the initial vaccine is administered. A “booster” vaccine should be administered one year later.
There are many different brands of vaccines available that provide protection against feline calicivurs and feline herpesvirus (feline rhinotracheitis). These vaccines usually provide protection against feline distemper as well. In some cases, the vaccines may provide protection against other diseases such as rabies or feline leukemia also.
The decision as to which brand and which particular vaccine should be used is based on an evaluation of vaccine efficacy and safety. Some vaccines provide better immunity than others and some are less likely to cause reactions than others.
The lifestyle of the individual cat needs to considered as well when using multi-valent vaccines that protect against numerous diseases. For instance, not all cats need to be vaccinated against feline leukemia.
A decision whether to use an injectable vaccine versus an intra-nasal vaccine must also be made. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Intra-nasal vaccines may provide immunity more quickly for cats that are in high risk environments. However, the nature of the vaccine may also cause some sneezing and other mild respiratory symptoms which may upset and concern pet owners. Some veterinarians also believe that intra-nasal vaccines are less likely to cause long-term side effects, such as the development of vaccination sarcomas. Injectable vaccines are less likely to cause respiratory symptoms to occur after vaccination but may still produce mild fever and lethargy for a few hours after the vaccination.
As “core” vaccinations, vaccines against upper respiratory infections caused by feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus are recommended for all cats. Vaccination schedules need to be individualized to fit your cat’s lifestyle and risk of exposure. Talk to your veterinarian to determine a vaccination protocol that is appropriate for your pet.
Medical Disclaimer: All advice offered is general, and the Pet Health Care Gazette is not responsible for any problems arising from the use or misuse of the information. Since each animal and each situation is unique, we recommend that you contact your own veterinarian for help with any health or behavior problems in your pet.
About Lorie Huston, DVM
Lorie Huston is a veterinarian, pet health and pet care expert, professional writer, blogger, social media and blogging consultant, and SEO strategist.
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